ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT, CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CITRUS LIMETTA (PEEL, STEM AND LEAVES)

Abstract

Citrus limetta plant has potent activities against different infectious diseases and globally consumed citrus fruit. Studies revealed this plant has several chemical constituents that are known to have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties. This plant is a best source to boost immunity and fight against infections and common flu and cold. The plant Citrus limetta (leaves, peel, stem) used in this research were collected from various areas of Pakpattan (Green Town) and ethanolic extract was prepared as per standard protocols. Gram-positive bacteria i.e., Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Gram-negative bacteria i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosae (ATCC 27853) and Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 33152) were used to check the anti bacterial activities. Both Disc diffusion and well diffusion methods were used for the anti-bacterial pursuits. The cytotoxic pursuit of plant abstraction was set on using an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-dipenyltetrazolium bromide] analysis. Antioxidant activities were analyzed by performing a DPHH test. Different tests have been performed including the Molisch experiment, Ninhydrin experiment, alkaline reagent experiment, Wagner’s experiment, Froth experiment, Ferric reagent experiment and Salkowski experiment for the detection of phytochemical constituents. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic abstrac of Citrus limetta (leaves, peel and stem) tested by agar diffusion opposed to various bacterial ATCC cultures
which reveal topmost zone of hindrance against Enterococcus Faecalis (24 mm) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (34 mm), whereas the minimal sector of hindrance was shown by Bacillus subtilis (14 mm) after 24 and 48t hours of incubation at 37°C. The antioxidant activity results showed that it reduced the firm radical 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to yellow-tint DPPH-H outstretched 75.81% of DPPH rummage effect at its 100% attentiveness compared to vitamin c as testimonial standard being a secure antioxidant indicator. Cytotoxic activities of this plant revealed extraordinary viability of cells which is a novel property examined of this plant. Ethanolic extracts showed positive results against different test performed to check the phytochemical constituents. It was concluded that Citrus limetta ethanolic extract of (leaves peel and stem) possessed a potent antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity and the presence of phytochemical constituents of the plant make it an essential parameter in treatment of different pathological conditions.